This paper presents the relationship between mining municipalities and coal mines, as well as the basis for the functioning of these communities and mines over the last two decades. Post an analysis of the legislation, studies and the available literature the relationship that characterizes relations of mining communities and hard coal mines was presented. The author revealed on one hand, the benefits obtained on this account by mining municipalities, on the other hand, the problems that they face in relationships with entrepreneurs. One of the positive aspects is undoubtedly the role of mining companies as employers, who are, in a sense, educational policy makers, and as patrons of many social initiatives. Coal companies are also a stable source of taxes that come into the municipal budgets. Coal mining is also the mining damage, polluted environment and transformation of the landscape. These problems, of course, do not cover the full spectrum of problems, as they indicate only the most important ones of them. Relations of each municipality with a mine are different in details, but it is possible to find common elements, which have been shown divided into positive and negative aspects. This industry branch would be disastrous for mining communities, as evidenced by the situation in the municipalities where the coal mines were closed down. Therefore, it is necessary to work out agreement paths between the entities for which coexistence is necessary not only for the development of municipalities and mines, but especially for the residents.