The work presents the environmental and organizational-economic considerations of competitiveness of Lublin voivodeship’s agriculture. Production and economic results in contrast to Polish averages are discussed. The analysis was conducted on the basis of averages from 2010 - 2012. It has been established that the organizational and economic conditions and considerably high internal diversity of agriculture within the voivodeship’s limits are the deciding factors of the competitiveness and relatively low use of this region’s agricultural potential. In contrast to the rest of Poland, Lublin Voivodeship, although having advantages in some segments of production, mainly fruits, vegetables, and industrial crops, and taking into consideration the fact that it has potentially higher quality of agricultural productive area and work supplies, the region has considerable potential, but its use in many branches of agricultural production has been limited in recent years. Internal diversity within the limits of this region of this voivodeship also influences its agricultural position. Huge scale of negligence, threats to ecosystems, and bad productive-economic situation prove that there is a necessity of definite implementation of technological progress in agriculture, improvement of soils’ agro-chemical condition, development and modernization of rural areas and farms’ infrastructure, and financial support of all ventures which determine realization of conception of balanced development and accelerate the reconstruction of agrarian structure, as well as increase of competitiveness.