Subject and purpose of work: The study attempts to examine the trade unfairness and transboundary bottlenecks between Bangladesh and India with a view to prosper a balanced trade and sustained water cooperation. Materials and methods: The study is based on secondary data and statistical information. Mixed research methods such as qualitative, quantitative and data visualization techniques are adopted in this study to assess the political economy of river basin management, loss and damage assessment and trade situation assessment. Results: Due to upstream intervention, the North-Western region of Bangladesh has lost 4254218 metric tons of rice production during 2006-2014 cropping years which value is $1036 million. During the same period, the trade deficit of Bangladesh stood at $5.58 billion with India due to the diverse tariff and non-tariff barriers which triggers tension between this close neighbor. Conclusions: The trade and water co-operation should be extended among the South Asian countries including India and Bangladesh without delay to obtain the maximum benefit and economic prosperity.