The need to distinguish from the overall economy something which constitutes an important part of its animated nature, operating on the basis of the laws of nature, signifies noticing distinct rights and principles of the living world, of which man is part, from the inanimate world. The right of economy dominates within the living nature and it can be described as the creation of the highest level of complexity with the minimum number of components. In order to comply with this law, we must manage the world differently than before. The land management factor is placed within the framework of this concept. The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of land management in the studied regions, taking into account its impact on the competitive advantages of agriculture. Increasing competition for the use of land for non-food purposes, in light of a dynamic increase in about 30% of the population on the planet by 2050, will force more intensive use of this factor, which could inevitably lead to environmental degradation and lack of food. With an increase in the number of people on the planet the chances of achieving a competitive advantage by regions with higher agricultural area per capita will increase thanks to exports of food. This indicates the consistency of global interest with the regional one. The study included five provinces, i.e: Lublin, Subcarpathian, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Warmian-Masurian. They form the Polish area of Eastern Europe. Directions of use of the geographic area of the country as well as the use of land were established by comparing the results obtained in agriculture in 2005 and 2011, and exceptionally in 2012. The method which was used within the study was the tabular-descriptive method as well as horizontal and vertical analysis and valuation. The study shows that the use of the earth's surface for food cultivation purpose is becoming less competitive than its use for non-food cultivation purposes.